Insuring Green Risks

Industry Questions

The "Green Revolution" has brought about many changes to not only the building industry but to others including the insurance sector. The insurance industry is certainly not without questions when it comes to insuring green risks. Which companies are going to underwrite these risks? What coverage will be available? What are the unknowns with insuring green risks? What outcomes can we predict? Will new types of claims result from these exposures? Will insurance professionals need formal training for green risks? I can go on and on with these questions but the state of the current building iindustry requires answers from insurers. Green risks are here NOW and building owners, property managers, risk managers and the restoration industry among others are looking at the insurance industry NOW to offer market solutions to the very special characteristics of these green risks.

The level of "green" involvement by the insurance industry ranges from two extremes: those doing absolutely nothing to companies selling policies created to specifically insure the materials, methods, and processes featured in green risks. In the middle there are insurers who have begun to encourage some green measures in only their business operations (recycling, carpools, van pools, etc...) while others are in the early stages of researching and developing green insurance products to offer their clients. Those companies who are ahead of the others in this market are already offering some kind of coverage, i.e. Travelers, CHUBB, and Farmers insurance companies.

Even for those writing green policies, there may be questions lurking. Frankly, insuring green risks is new territory for the industry and insurers will need time and experience protecting these risks to truly understand all their implications and be able to accurately rate these policies. It is reasonable to say that no one has the clear answers yet on what outcome the insurance industry will see. Will total claim expenses be lower on these risks than non-green ones? Will premiums be lower on green risks compared to non-green risks? Will green buildings/homes harm non-green buildings/home values by making them obsolete? What issues will be tested in court over green coverage?

For the claims professional assigned a loss on a green risk, there will be questions? Is there a green policy in effect? What special provisions does it offer? are limits adequate to rebuild a green risk in the event of a large catastrophic loss? What special expenses will the insurance policy in force cover? will commissioning or recommissioning expenses be covered? Will the policy cover re-certification costs on green risks? will the policy cover added delays to in rebuilding due to the re-certification process? Will qualified restoration contractors in green buildings and green programs be available? Again, the list of questions could go on and unfortunately some of the answers to these questions must come later after the industry is more committed and claim experience develops. It may be too unrealistic to suggest that claim issues we face today won't be the same exact issues we will address in a few years as this section of the market evolves, adapts, and matures. As long as the industry can offer consistent reasonable coverage for green risks at a reasonable premium, then green insurance should expand and be around as long as green risks remain. What must happen in the meantime to get us there is yet another question.

Insurance Industry Response

The following is just a snapshot of products being offered by property insurers in the United States. The following review of policies/endorsements should help illustrate the current types of coverages in the market. Some insurers offer green policies or endorsements at additional premium and may require other underlying coverage. It is important to mention the products offered by various insurers are not standard policies or endorsements; not every company offers identical coverages.

The information below is only a summary review of the current green market and are not the titles or actual endorsement/policy. Limits, special provisions, and special deductibles could still apply.

Homeowner

- Coverage for loss of income or extra expenses resulting from physical damage to alternative energy systems:

These endorsements may provide limited coverage when net metering is lost because of a covered peril and the insured has to purchase electricity that otherwise would not be needed because the structure is generating its own electricity. There could be coverage to inspect, reconnect (and permit fees) assessed by a utility company or other when the alternative energy system is back on.

- Enhanced coverage to landscape - trees, shrubs, plants:

Some endorsements increase the limit of liability for covered trees, shrubs, and plants (in the aggregate and per item) and offer greater limits to "eco-landscaping" which includes plants that provide shade to the home, hardscape, HVAC or other to reduce energy costs.

-Upgrade to green coverage:

Covers costs to upgrade green components in the event of a partial or total loss. Areas which may focus on include energy efficiency, water efficiency, indoor air quality, and sustainability. These upgrades include Energy Star lighting, appliances, HVAC, windows, low or dual flow toilets, low flow faucets, no VOC interior paint, and recycled content building materials. Sustainability coverage may upgrade the home to a green program standard such as the Energy Star Home (builders Option Package), pay for testing, and more. some of these endorsement may provide the homeowner to keep any rebates or other government/utility incentives for upgrading. Other companies may offer endorsements to upgrade to LEED for Home standards, hire Leed AP, and certification fees if total loss occurs.

Some companies may offer a premium discount when insuring an existing LEED certified or other home.


Commercial

- Green upgrade coverage:

Covers cost to upgrade standard materials with green components such as no VOC paints, Green Label carpet, Energy Star products, Energy Star roofs, and Water Sense fixtures to name a few. If a total loss, some policies may cover the cost to rebuild the property under the criteria of a green rating program.

- Green certified building coverage:

Covers buildings already certified under a green program. Coverage may include provisions for vegetative roofs, alternative power systems and water systems. In addition, coverage may be available to hire a LEED AP, recoup loss of income from net metering losses, and recycling debris. Finally, there may be coverage to hire an engineer for commissioning and perform other tests. Some companies may offer coverage fr certification with other rating systems like Green Globe.

- Green manufacturers property endorsement:

May cover the cost for non-green manufacturing facilities to upgrade to green equipment, materials, and business personal property after partial or total loss.

- Green certified manufacturing property insurance:

May cover the cost of green manufacturing facilities to be restored to their original LEED rating and may cover the upgrade to a higher LEED rating too.

- Green coverage for business personal property:

Covers the cost to replace non-green business personal property with green products or materials.

- Debris removal expense endorsements:

Pays additional debris removal expenses incurred to salvage and recycle debris from a covered property loss. These endorsement may have limited amounts of coverage.

- Delay in completion of a project:

May provide some coverage for loss when a project completion is delayed due to the certification process from using a program like LEED.

- Energy efficient tax credit endorsement:

May provide coverage for tax credits lost on certain qualified energy efficient components following covered causes of loss to covered property. These endorsements may have limited amounts of coverage.

Claims Checklist

Some strategies in green building programs have little effect on the claims professional. There isn't much we can do to alter the orientation of a building for passive solar design, but that decision might have counted towards the buildings certification. Decisions made to manage soil erosion and preserve natural habitats during construction are again areas which may have no real implication s for insurers. However, decisions such as to lay Green Label carpeting, install recycled content materials, use only low or no VOC building materials, or install an Energy Star roof system will concern the claims person eventually. Furthermore, the implementation of high efficiency appliances, plumbing, lighting, ad electrical systems will affect us too. Finally, we cannot rule out that claims adjusters will be exposed to solar, wind, and other types of renewable energy systems and water saving systems.

The green measures that are anticipated to affect our industry are the ones insurance professionals should be familiar with and be prepared to assess loss to. Green building programs are "climate-specific" and tailored for conditions in particular regions. What may be a common green practice in the northeast U.S may not be a good practice in the southwest U.S. Following this logic, claims professionals should be familiar with the green measures and programs in their market/region. The knowledge a claims adjuster in New York obtains over time may vary from the knowledge a claims adjuster in San Diego receives. While the fundamentals of many green building programs are similar, the methods to achieve common goals in these are not.

Another borrowed idea from green building programs that the claims professional can use is checklists. Most green building programs utilize a checklist when designing and constructing projects. Checklists help ensure the project meets its goals and certification. This process should also be followed by the claims professional when assessing a loss on a green risk. The claims person should have a prepared list of specific questions to address on claims involving green risks.

#45: Billy Joel @ Wrigey Field

#45: Wrigley Field

July, 21st, 2009

Unbelievable Show. Great vacation. 1st time at Wrigley. Sitting in centerfield was great.  Stole a piece of the ivy.  So nice to get away and not have to worry about work for the 1st time in awhile. Thank you to everyone at Advanced who allowed that to happen.

We got to Chicago on Monday afternoon. Concert was Tuesday. Longest wait for the show.

Sat 3rd row center section. Just in front of Elton's piano. It was my 45th show but my 1st fight at a Billy Joel concert. Some fans of Elton John who were sitting in front of us were very intoxicated. The took exception to our cheering and yelling. Told my girlfriend that she has to shut up because his ears were hurting when she was cheering. He was 2nd row center at the concert, how could we be hurting his ears? Security had to pull them out when they became belligerent. They tossed there be over me as a last ditch effort to get me to swing. I know that if that had happened anyplace else in the world, I might have swung. But nobody was getting me out of that seat and ruining the concert for my girlfriend. She had never sat that close at a show. And seriously, who gets into a fight at a Billy Joel/Elton John show? All three were over 45. Pure comedy. The section cheered and congratulated us when they left. They were annoying everyone.

Here are my pics and videos from that night. Sorry for the camera work on the videos. It was exuberance mixed with Margarettas.

Videos

Scenes From An Italian Restaurant

Bennie and the Jets

We Didn't Start the Fire

Piano Man

Shades of '1984': Amazon Removing E-Books from Kindles

The New York Times'David Pogue reports that Amazon has decided to pull certain copies of electronic books from its shelves. In doing so, however, Amazon has also pulled them off of Kindles its customers own, and who had already purchased the books in question. Pogue notes a complaints page where Amazon users have begun posting confused messages, trying to figure out why their e-books have disappeared. The publisher apparently decided to remove the books from its electronic catalog and Amazon followed suit.

The irony, of course, is which author was pulled from Amazon's electronic shelves: George Orwell, whose 1984 and Animal Farm basically defined institutional paranoia. And, the fact that Amazon rarely comments on its decisions makes the action even more sinister.

Billy Joel, Elton John: Midsummer double hitters!

5 Days

In preparation of the concert Tuesday night in Chicago

From billyjoel.com

Midsummer 2009 finds Billy Joel continuing the rapturously received series of concert dates that he and touring partner Sir Elton John commenced in early March. Beginning in Florida and sweeping through the heartland before notching some major Canadian cities, the tour’s venues have gradually shifted from indoor arenas towards bigger outdoor stadiums. The tour’s outdoor debut in Washington, D.C., held a special resonance as it also marked the inauguration of live music at Nationals Park, a year-old baseball facility that serves as home to the Washington Nationals. Despite construction delays on the city’s Metro system and a brief threat of rain as dusk settled in on the park, by show time an excited crowd had filled the bleachers and covered infield. The show began in its usual impressive fashion, with seasoned mimic Billy doing a fine job of channeling Elton on several verses of “Your Song”, and Sir Elton returning the favor on “Just the Way You Are”. Then with, Elton attempting to accompany his own “Don’t Let the Sun Go Down On Me” on his massive Yamaha convert grand, came a mishap that was distracting to say the least. As recounted by Washington Post contributor Chris Klimek in his review:

John called a timeout after that opening two-fer while a roadie tried to fix a stuck sustain pedal on the royal piano. As John cursed, relief pitcher Joel played an impromptu and funny "Battle Hymn of the Republic." Joel even crawled under his fuming co-star's piano to try to help solve the problem himself. It was one of the most crowd-pleasing moments of the evening, with three hours to go. "At least you know we're not on tape!" Joel quipped. "This is an authentic rock-and-roll [expletive]. You don't see many of these anymore!" Turning back to his own ever-ready Steinway (which gets a meticulous daily inspection from piano tech Wayne Williams, the same man who catches Billy’s flung microphone stand after “Still Rock `N Roll To Me” each night), Billy and band roared into his own portion of the set. The Post account picks up the saga: John finally withdrew while Joel fielded his band for a 65-minute set that opened with a swaggering "Prelude/Angry Young Man." As the entire spectacle was seen by Adam Mazmanian of The Washington Times in his July 13 review, “Piano men John, Joel rally over mishaps”:

In the end, the glitch proved to be a little bit of spilt milk in a 33-song musical feast that left all but the most gluttonous adult contemporary fans sated. Mr. Joel's set featured a rapid fire spray of crowd-pleasers, executed without too much frippery or noodling. There is a relentless drive to the melodies in "Movin' Out," "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me," "Don't Ask Me Why" that Mr. Joel mines to great effect in performance with bombastic piano playing and an energetic singing style. First attempted in 1994, the Face 2 Face tour's pairing of Mr. John and Mr. Joel almost had to happen. The two are nearly exact contemporaries — Mr. John is 62; Mr. Joel is 60 — and they occupy similar spots in the public imagination as leading piano men in a world of guitar heroes. That kind of rally bode well for the several remaining big-venue stops on the current tour leg, and anticipation was high both amongst the Joel troops and of course, the awaiting fans for tonight’s visit (followed by another show July 21) to the city’s historic Wrigley Field. With epochal converts in his native New York forming a good part of the Joel lore—his Yankee Stadium show in '90 was perhaps topped only by last year’s “Last Play At Shea”—baseball parks have been very, very good for Billy. His good pal Sir Paul McCartney is playing the New York Mets’ new Citi Field stadium this Friday, an event which was likely to see Billy in attendance, and the tour’s upcoming arrival at the New England Patriots’s Gillette Stadium in Foxboro, Mass.

With both piano prodigies sharing a determination to deliver a rocking show every night out, dates in the coming days in New York State and Billy’s traditional stronghold of Philadelphia promise to generate further buzz around a tour that is consistently topping the Billboard tally of top-grossing road acts. As a local reviewer found noted after attending an energetic gig in Columbus, Ohio:

Fifteen years ago, singer-pianists Billy Joel, 60, and Sir Elton John, 62, first toured together, including an appearance before more than 60,000 fans at Ohio Stadium.

In 2003, they hit the road again to more than 18,000 fans in Nationwide Arena. So the third time they've been "Face 2 Face" (the tour's name) may not have been as memorable an event as that first concert, but musically, it was just as great.

The No Responsibility Society
Suing Because Your Daughter Is Texting So Much She Didn't Notice The Open Pothole

From the Houston, We Have A Problem Dept

A bunch of news outlets have been reporting on various versions of this story -- and I have to admit, it sounds so ridiculous that it reads like an urban legend. I was hesitant to even write about it at first, but with so many mainstream media sources covering it, perhaps it really did happen. It was reported in the NY papers last week. Basically, a girl who claims she was so focused on text messaging while working fell into an open manhole in Staten Island. Now, that should be embarrassing enough, but the really crazy part is the claim that the girl's parents are planning to sue the city for not adequately protecting their daughter from herself. At least they're not suing the mobile carrier or mobile device maker as well...The kid should be sued for being stupid and wasting the taxpayers dollars on the manpower to help her out.

Change: Painful but Necessary

This is a great article written by the President of DKI. Advanced Restoration Corp. is a proud member of DKI. Just figured I would share this with everyone. It's a battle I face everyday.

Change: Painful but Necessary

By Dale Sailer

President of DKI

For years, I have been a champion for change. Starting with the first time I heard Dr. Robert Kriegel preach to a large audience of executives nearly two decades ago that “if it ain’t broke, break it”, I have been very vocal that personal or business plans that do nothing more than seek to sustain the status quo represent nothing more than well-worn recipes for eventual decline and failure.

Our world – politically, professionally and personally – is in a constant state of flux. The pace of life becomes overwhelming at times for even the most calm and organized person. We often feel that if we could just stop and rest for a while – coast, if you will – we could get a better handle on things. The problem with this is that the business world doesn’t afford any enterprise the opportunity to be complacent. Running in place while everyone else is moving forward doesn’t usually result in a successful outcome.

This lesson has been painfully playing out on a national stage over the last twelve months, and in fact for much longer. The painful reality is that the recent rash of bankruptcy filings across many industries are not the result of policies and actions over the last five months, or even the last nine years, but rather the inability of certain industries and institutions to support and drive internal change.

The American auto industry is a classic example of this failure. For nearly half a century Detroit has either dramatically delayed or overtly killed every meaningful innovation or idea that would have resulted in either significant gains in operational efficiency or considerable gains in market share. Why? The primary reason is because it was easier and more comfortable to maintain the status quo rather than make uncomfortable change, whether affected through labor strikes, lobbying efforts, or any of a number of different actions. The clear result is a domestic industry that has, in essence, given away the market to foreign competitors while wallowing in outright financial ruin.

Government is no different, as inefficiency and deficits mount uncontrollably at the city, state and federal levels. The age old reason remains the same - because regardless of party affiliation, the status quo guarantees a politician’s re-election. While their constituents want ‘change’, none of them actually want any change that has any perceived negative impact on them individually. Thus no change ends up being preferred to any change. And until someone in elected government has the actual political will to drive change at the risk of NOT being re-elected, meaningful change will never come.

Now despite being a champion of change generally, and specifically within the DKI organization, I will fully admit that actual change is hard. I learned this first hand when I received a new laptop after using the same old trusted one for nearly four years. I was quite comfortable with my technology life, familiar with the ‘old’ software my laptop ran, and knowledgeable with all the shortcuts necessary to make it hum. Life was good. I realized that with every passing day, the risk of my computer crashing for good increased exponentially, but I admit that I pushed off change as long as possible. But ultimately, I knew that change was necessary.

My new laptop is clearly not yet my friend. Newer versions of Word, Excel and PowerPoint are frustrating in that they are different than the older versions I am used to. New ‘features’ feel like new ‘barriers’ to productivity. All my Internet cookies are gone, as are all my ‘quick fill’ email addresses – both will need to be slowly rebuilt. My new keyboard is bigger (meaning clunkier), has a different ‘feel’, and all the computer’s ports are in a different place. In short, I am a long way from my comfort zone and I don’t like it.

However I do see the light at the end of the tunnel. I am actually quickly getting used to the newer applications’ functionality and I am finding new solutions to problems that I couldn’t solve before. My new laptop is faster and my screen is much, much easier to see. And with some new software now loaded, I can actually communicate more effectively with my work colleagues and my customers. So while change represented a very short-term step backward, and has clearly been uncomfortable, it is also very clear that in the medium to long-term, I will make giant leaps forward in productivity and before I know it, my technology life will be as comfortable as it ever was.

You can rest assured that as a corporate organization, DKI is always seeking ways to change for the better. We do not have an interest in being complacent and remaining in our comfort zone. Rather, we constantly assess our business so that we can deliver new products and services so that our customers -whether contractor, insurance carrier, risk manager, property manager or supplier -can rely on us to help them remain ahead of their respective competitors. While the ride may not always be comfortable, the view from the front is a lot more exciting than it is from the back. I look forward to traveling with you out front.

Can Someone Explain How Video Games Are Worse For Kids Than Plain TV?

For years, video games have been a convenient scapegoat for politicians to use in complaining about the sort of thing "kids these days" do on a daily basis. In the past, it's been other things -- from TV to music to comic books. But, these days, video games pop up an awful lot. So I guess it should come as no surprise at all that a recent study I read in the newspaper said that parents put much greater limits on how much time kids can spend playing video games than they do on TV or movies.

Of course, this seems entirely backwards to me. Now I do not have children but I know what kind of crap is on TV. I can't imagine someone making the arguement of MTV over video games. Not that parents should let young kids just randomly play any video game, but if they're playing age-appropriate video games, you would think that would be a lot better than just sitting there watching TV with no interactivity whatsoever. Plenty of studies have shown that the interactivity of video games helps kids improve hand-eye coordination, problem solving skills and since video games have gone online, their social skills. While online the kids form 'clans," which are groups of their friends that get together and battle it out against other clans.

There are many educational video games as well. So why not encourage that? It's not examined in the studies, but I'd guess that the constant complaining about these "awful video games" has an impact on a busy parent. And the sensationalized media just plays it up and takes it to a new level.

RIP: Steve McNair

My heart goes out to Steve McNair's family, friends, and teammates. Just woke up to the news this morning on my way to get coffee. He was one of my favorite players growing up. McNair played college football at Alcorn State, where he won the 1994 Walter Payton Award as the top player in NCAA Division I-AA. He was drafted third overall by the NFL's Houston Oilers in 1995. He wore my fav #9. A class act who led the Tennessee Titans to their only Super Bowl in 1999 and shared the NFL MVP Award with Peyton manning in 2003. One of only 3 NFL Players to throw for 30,000 yards and run for 3,500. The other two players are Fran Tarkenton and Steve Young. That is great company to be in. And he was one of the toughest competitors that ever put on a NFL jersey. He will be missed.

NASHVILLE, Tennessee (AFP) — Former National Football League quarterback Steve McNair and an unidentified woman have been found shot dead. He was 36.

Police said they were called to a home in Nashville's downtown area where the former Tennessee Titans and Baltimore Ravens quarterback and the woman were involved in a double shooting.

Police said McNair was found on the couch in the home and suffered several gunshot wounds. The woman had a single gunshot wound and had the gun nearby her.

Officials said they don't have a motive for the shooting.

"We are saddened and shocked to hear the news of Steve McNair's passing today," Titans owner K.S. "Bud" Adams said.

"He was one of the finest players to play for our organization and one of the most beloved players by our fans.
"He played with unquestioned heart and leadership and led us to places that we had never reached, including our only Super Bowl. Our thoughts and prayers are with his family as they deal with his untimely passing."

A three-time Pro Bowl selection, McNair shared the most valuable player of the NFL award in 2003.

In 161 games (153 starts), McNair threw for 31,304 yards on 2,733- of-4,544 passing, with 174 touchdowns. He also ran for 3,590 career yards and 37 TDs.

McNair last played in the NFL in 2007 for the Ravens. He is a former third overall pick by Houston in the NFL's 1995 entry draft.

"I will remember Steve's smile, his laugh, his ability to cook -- the man could cook -- and just the human being that he was," said former Titans running back Eddie George.

"We had some great times together, wonderful personality. The football thing was one thing and I remember his playing days, but just the human being. He brought so much joy to so many people. He was a consummate pro and he was a gentleman."

Emotional Robots: Will We Love Them Or Hate Them?

03 July 2009 by Hazel Muir

NewScientist.com

Magazine issue 2715. Subscribe and get 4 free issues.

SUNDAY, 1 February 2009, and 100 million Americans have got only one thing on their minds - the Super Bowl. The Pittsburgh Steelers are poised to battle the Arizona Cardinals in the most popular televised sporting event in the US. In a hotel room in New York, 46 supporters gather to watch the game, munching burgers and downing beers. Nothing strange about that, of course, aside from the machines that are monitoring these sports fans' every move and every breath they take.

The viewers are wearing vests with sensors that monitor their heart rate, movement, breathing and sweat. A market research company has kitted out the party-goers with these sensors to measure their emotional engagement with adverts during commercial breaks. Advertisers pay $3 million for a 30-second slot during the Super Bowl, so they want to be as confident as they can be that their ads are hitting home. And they are willing to pay for the knowledge. "It's a rapidly growing market - our revenues this year are four times what they were last year," says Carl Marci, CEO and chief scientist for the company running the experiment, Innerscope Research based in Boston, Massachusetts.

Innerscope's approach is the latest in a wave of ever more sophisticated emotion-sensing technologies. For years, computers in some call centres have monitored our voices so that managers can home in on what makes us fly into a wild rage. The latest technologies could soon be built into everyday gadgets to smooth our interactions with them. In-car alarms that jolt sleepy drivers awake, satnavs that sense our frustration in a traffic jam and offer alternative routes, and monitors that diagnose depression from body language are all in the pipeline. Prepare for the era of emotionally aware gadgets.

Outside of science fiction, the idea of technology that reads emotions has a brief, and chequered, past. Back in the mid-1990s, computer scientist Rosalind Picard at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology suggested pursuing this sort of research. She was greeted with scepticism. "It was such a taboo topic back then - it was seen as very undesirable, soft and irrelevant," she says.

Picard persevered, and in 1997 published a book called Affective Computing, which laid out the case that many technologies would work better if they were aware of their user's feelings. For instance, a computerised tutor could slow down its pace or give helpful suggestions if it sensed a student looking frustrated, just as a human teacher would.

She also suggested that wearable computers could sense emotion in a very direct way, by measuring your heart and breathing rate, or the changes in the skin's electrical conductance that signal emotional arousal. Wearable "mood detectors" could help people identify their stress triggers or communicate how they are feeling to others.

The most established way to analyse a person's feelings is through the tone of their voice. For several years, companies have been using "speech analytics" software that automatically monitors conversations between call-centre agents and customers. One supplier is NICE Systems, based in Ra'anana, Israel. It specialises in emotion-sensitive software and call-monitoring systems for companies and security organisations, and claims to have more than 24,000 customers worldwide, including the New York Police Department and Vodafone.
As well as scanning audio files for key words and phrases, such as a competitor's name, the software measures stress levels, as indicated by voice pitch and talking speed. Computers flag up calls in which customers appear to get angry or stressed out, perhaps because they are making a fraudulent insurance claim, or simply receiving poor service.

Voice works well when the person whose feelings you are trying to gauge is expressing themselves verbally, but that's not always the case, so several research teams are now figuring out ways of reading a person's feelings by analysing their posture and facial expressions alone.

Many groups have made impressive progress in the field, first by training computers to identify a face as such. Systems do this by searching for skin tone and using algorithms to locate features like the corners of the eyes and eyebrows, the nostrils and corners of the mouth (see diagram).

The computer can then keep track of these features as they move, often classifying the movements according to a commonly used emotion encoding system. That system recognises 44 "action units" representing facial movements. For instance, one might represent a smile - the mouth stretches horizontally and its corners go up. Add to that an eye-region movement that raises the cheeks and gives you crow's feet and now you have a beaming, genuinely happy smile rather than a stiff, polite one.

Using these techniques, computer programs can correctly recognise six basic emotions - disgust, happiness, sadness, anger, fear and surprise - more than 9 times out of 10, but only if the target face uses an exaggerated expression. Software can accurately judge more subtle, spontaneous facial expressions as "negative" or "positive" three-quarters of the time, but they cannot reliably spot spontaneous displays of the six specific emotions - yet. To accurately interpret complex, realistic emotions, computers will need extra cues, such as upper body posture and head motion.

That's because facial expressions alone are ambiguous. A smile on your face might actually signal embarrassment if it's also accompanied by a downward pitch of the head, for instance. A backward head motion is one part of an expression of disgust. But if someone combines that with a downward movement of the mouth and one raised shoulder, they're conveying indifference. "If I just looked at the face and saw the mouth going down, I would score it as sadness. But the combination with the shoulder and head motion is 'I don't care'," says Maja Pantic, who studies computer recognition of expressions at Imperial College London.
Pantic's team eventually hopes to find ways of fusing information from body gestures and facial expressions together in real time to read emotions accurately, although she concedes it may be an impossibly complex challenge. "This research is still so very new," she notes.

Basic emotions
In the meantime, they are studying the dynamics of how expressions change, to see if this can help computers identify emotions more accurately. Intuitively, most people know that a faked smile is more exaggerated than a real one, and switches on and off more abruptly. Facial-tracking technology has confirmed that, and also revealed some more subtle differences (you can see a video comparing fake and real smiles at www.newscientist.com/issue/2715).

These subtleties came to light in a 2004 study of 81 adults by Jeffrey Cohn and Karen Schmidt at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania (International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing, vol 2, p 1). They used tracking technology to compare forced smiles with spontaneous smiles provoked by comedy videos. This showed that spontaneous smiles are surprisingly complex, with multiple rises of the mouth corners.

Other teams have been highly successful at the opposite end of the emotional spectrum: pain detection. Computers are surprisingly good at distinguishing fake pain from the real thing, according to a study published this year by Gwen Littlewort of the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues.
Her team investigated whether facial expression software could distinguish people in real pain (because their hands were in iced water) from others asked to fake pain. The computer correctly classified real or fake pain 88 per cent of the time. When the team asked 170 untrained volunteers to make the judgement, they were right only 49 per cent of the time - no better than complete guesswork.

This year, Pantic and her colleagues hope to find out whether computers can accurately recognise the signs of lower back pain from facial expressions and body posture. They hope that computers might be able to distinguish between real physiological pain and the pain someone might perceive, quite genuinely, if they expect to feel pain or are depressed, but have no physiological cause for it. It could lead to more reliable ways of assessing whether painkillers are effective. "If you get a prescribed medication for acute pain, we would be able to monitor whether these medicines are actually working just by observing a person's behaviour," says Pantic.

One group of researchers has developed emotion-reading technology for a particularly vulnerable group of people. Picard and Rana el Kaliouby of MIT have built an "Interactive Social-Emotional Toolkit" (iSET), designed to help children with disorders linked to sensory processing, such as autism, to understand emotions in other people. A camera monitors the face of someone the child is talking to, and identifies 31 facial and head movements. Software interprets the combination of movements in terms of six states: agreeing, disagreeing, concentrating, thinking, interested and confused.

Then a laptop-sized screen displays six labelled bubbles that grow or shrink accordingly. If someone's nodding and smiling during the conversation, the agreeing bubble grows. If the listener looks away, a growing red bubble signals disagreement or disinterest. The team will began randomised trials of the technology this month. For 15 weeks, one group of five autistic children will use the iSET, while two control groups will use either an interactive DVD that teaches emotional awareness or have only standard classroom training. Before and afterwards, the researchers will test how well the children identify emotional expressions unaided by the iSET to see if the technology helps them learn to identify emotions for themselves.

Patronising paperclips
Not everyone welcomes these developments. William Gaver, a designer at Goldsmiths, University of London, concedes some of the applications may be beneficial, but fears emotion-sensing computers will be used in patronising ways. Who could forget Microsoft's cringe-making "paperclip" that offered help with writing letters: Microsoft wisely killed it off because people found it so irritating. But what if some emotion-triggered reincarnated "Mr Clippy" started popping up everywhere?

"The nightmare scenario is that the Microsoft paperclip starts to be associated with anything from the force with which you're typing to some sort of physiological measurement," says Gaver. "Then it pops up on your screen and says: 'Oh I'm sorry you're unhappy, would you like me to help you with that?'"

Emotion sensors could undermine personal relationships, he adds. Monitors that track elderly people in their homes, for instance, could leave them isolated. "Imagine being in a hurry to get home and wondering whether to visit an older friend on the way," says Gaver. "Wouldn't this be less likely if you had a device to reassure you not only that they were active and safe, but showing all the physiological and expressive signs of happiness as well?"

Picard raises another concern - that emotion-sensing technologies might be used covertly. Security services could use face and posture-reading systems to sense stress in people from a distance (a common indicator a person may be lying), even when they're unaware of it. Imagine if an unsavoury regime got hold of such technology and used it to identify citizens who opposed it, says Picard. There has already been progress towards stress detectors. For instance, research by Ioannis Pavlidis at the University of Houston, Texas, has shown that thermal imaging of people's faces can sense stress-induced increases in blood flow around the eyes.

His team analysed thermal videos of 39 political activists given the opportunity to commit a mock crime - stealing a cheque left in an empty corridor, made payable to an organisation they strongly opposed. They had to deny it during subsequent interrogation, and were threatened with financial penalties and punishments of loud noise if the interrogator caught them lying (empty threats at it turned out, for ethical reasons). Computer analysis of the videos correctly distinguished the 15 innocent and 24 guilty "suspects" 82 per cent of the time.
Another fledgeling technique, called laser Doppler vibrometry, measures tiny stress-related changes in respiration and heartbeat from afar - indicators that are sometimes used to gauge whether a person is stressed, and hence possibly lying.

Picard says that anyone utilising emotion-sensing systems should be obliged to gain informed consent from the people they plan to "read". At least that way, whether you find it patronising, creepy or just plain annoying, you can hit the big "off" button and it will, or at least should, leave you and your emotions in peace.

I know how you feel
DO YOU reckon you're a master of reading another's true feelings? Many people think they are, but only about 1 in 100 of us are naturally gifted at recognising emotions in someone who's trying to conceal them, says Paul Ekman, a psychologist formerly at the University of California, San Francisco.

Ekman made his name when he identified the facial expressions of the seven key emotions that are universal, regardless of nationality or culture - happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt and surprise. He also acts as a consultant to law-enforcement agencies, advising them on how to spot liars from clues in their facial expressions, speech and body movements.

It takes considerable effort to be a good human lie detector. To begin with, it is essential to know your subject's "baseline" behaviour when they're not stressed. Then look for deviations from this when they're under interrogation. Ekman points out that not everyone is the same. For example, some people look fearful regardless of their emotions.

So there are no absolute signs that people are definitely lying, but here are some of Ekman's top tips for spotting a fraud:

DO THEY HAVE RHYTHM?
Clues in the voice include unusually long or frequent pauses. People who are having trouble deciding exactly what to say usually use fewer hand gestures to reinforce their speech - they're less likely to "conduct" their speech by waving their hands.

LOOK OUT FOR FLICKERS
People can't help showing their true feelings for a fraction of a second. For example, a person might try to conceal their feelings of contempt, but give it away with a fleeting raised lip on one side, so look out for these micro-expressions. (Test your ability to interpret micro-expressions at http://www.facetest.notlong.com/)

SPOT THE GESTURAL SLIPS
Some gestures, called "emblems", have a precise meaning within a cultural group. Examples include a shoulder shrug with upward palms, communicating "who cares" or "I'm helpless". Usually people make them obvious, but when lying, they may display an incomplete emblem. They might rotate their hands upwards on their lap - a subconscious fragment of the shrug that betrays their feeling of helplessness at not lying well.

Hazel Muir is a freelance writer based in the UK

4th of July Fireworks Safety Tips for Kids

Everyone have a Happy and Safe Fourth of July. Here are some tips to keep in mind. All common sense stuff I know.

One of the reasons why the Fourth of July is so enjoyable is because of the perfect combination of warm weather and time spent with the family. It is the perfect backdrop to create memories so it is not surprising that fireworks are often used to cap off the memories made. To ensure that the celebration continues, it is important that everyone, particularly kids, are well-informed about the rules of fireworks safety.

As beautiful as they are, fireworks can be a cause of injury. Research has shown that in one year, there were 9,300 reported incidents of firework-related injuries in the United States. Even worse, deaths can result from improper handling. Most of these are cases due to direct contact such as burns or eye damage, but it can also be because of ingestion such as in poisoning.
The safest way to enjoy the show without the danger is by simply taking the family to see a public fireworks display. That way, the lighting is left in the hands of the professional. This is particularly important because in some states, lighting fireworks at home is illegal. If you still want to go and light it up, check with the fire department first if you are allowed to do so.

When it comes to kid safety tips during a 4th of July fireworks, take note that children should never be allowed to handle the explosives themselves. The use of firecrackers, rockets, and even the seemingly harmless sparklers are too dangerous. In fact, sparklers can reach a temperature of 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, which is hot enough to melt metals such as gold.

In addition to this, always use fireworks outside where there is enough space and never point them towards the face and hair. Sparks can easily ignite them and lead to injuries. Fireworks are also known to backfire or even fly off in a different direction. Keep a water source such as a garden hose in a nearby area in case of an emergency.

Teach your kids not to use fireworks when near flammable items such as leaves and trees. They easily ignite and cause the fire to spread. In fact, the National Fire Protection Association says that local fire departments answer to more than 50,000 calls of fire caused by fireworks each year.

Fireworks that are used should only be the legal ones. Teach your kids to identify them by checking to see if they have the name of the manufacturer and instructions. Illegal fireworks are often unlabeled. In addition to this, keep away from banned fireworks like the blockbuster and quarter pounder. On this note, never try to tweak with the fireworks to make them stronger than they are.

When it comes to handling the fireworks, kids should be instructed to only light one at a time. Do not try to experiment by trying to light them in glass or metal containers. This can cause it to explode, sending shrapnel flying. Also, do not let children relight fireworks that appear to be duds. These can still explode while on the hand.

In case of an injury, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. If it is the eye that was hit, under no circumstance should it be touched because it can result in more harm. Even running the eye under water can exacerbate the situation. Burn spots should be placed under cold running water.

These 4th of July Fireworks safety tips are not just useful for kids. Even those who are young at heart can benefit from them during the holiday.

If you do have a fire that causes property damage over the weekend due please do not hesitate to call. We are always On-Call 24/7. Call your insurance agent immediately. They will notify your insurance company.

No She Is Not My Girlfriend

There is really no words to describe.........

Twenty Days

Twenty days until I leave for Chicago. Going to see Billy Joel and Elton John at Wrigley Field. We have This will be my 45th Billy Joel concert. Last time I saw him in concert was the Last Play At Shea w/Paul McCartney. I sat 2nd row with my cousin, my friend and his girlfriend. I have a huge chunk of Shea's outfield grass from that night. Looking to grab a piece of Wrigley too. This time I am taking someone very special to me. Our 1st Billy concert together. Hopefully not our last if she can put up with me.

Here is a video of Bennie and the Jets I found from their current tour. They do an unbelievable dueling pianos at the end of the song. If you weren't thinking of going to see them, don't pass up the opportunity.

Green Computing: Save Ink & Paper with GreenPrint World Edition

Even though we have technologies such as PDF’s, e-mail, and SharePoint sites that make it possible to achieve a paperless office, it seems like there is a never ending stream of printing going on, especially in the office environment. Today we'll introduce you to GreenPrint, an easy and free way to be more eco-friendly and save costs at the same time.

GreenPrint is designed to save printer ink, reduce unwanted pages, help reduce environmental damage, and save you money by catching pages before they go to the printer and optimize them to reduce waste.

Installing GreenPrint
Before installing you will need .Net Framework installed on your PC for GreenPrint to work. If you don’t it will download and install it for you. Most people should already have this installed, but it's good to know that it's a requirement.

You will be prompted to choose the default printer to use with GreenPrint during installation. Your default printer will be change to GreenPrint, which will then use the printer you choose on this step as the default physical printer to pass through.

Using GreenPrint
After everything is set up, GreenPrint runs quietly in the taskbar until ready to print. As a test I went to print out a webpage… note that GreenPrint is the default printer where all documents should be printed to.

GreenPrint will launch and analyze the page or pages you are printing out.

In the main user interface is where we can remove unnecessary images or text. Since this would print on 4 pages total you can choose to view all 4 or view them one at once or different combinations.

It functions very similar to most PDF viewers and gives you tools to remove pages, text, or images that you don't want to print, so you can save paper and ink. (for instance, if you look in this screenshot you'll see that the bottom page is useless and it would make sense to just remove it from printing)

The other feature is to print a document to PDF format which in itself saves a ton of paper and ink as some of the more technically inclined co-workers prefer a digital copy versus printing out 10 copies for every meeting.

With this option you can also leave in the extra pictures and / or text in if you want. Just click on the PDF button next to the Print button at the top. Then just browse to the location to store it.

The results are just as good as using other utilities like PDF Creator or the Microsoft Office 2007 PDF Add-in.

There is a very cool reporting feature that tells you how much money was saved and the positive environmental affects.

Conclusion
GreenPrint is a very cool utility which offers several options for eliminating needless images and text from documents. It is designed to help save paper, ink, and energy which is great for the environment. If that is not enough incentive to use it, then just consider the fact it will save you money as well. GreenPrint works on XP and Vista (32bit only) and there is also a beta version for Mac OSX.

GreenPrint World Edition is free and ad supported, the ads have humanitarian and environmental focus which is pretty cool versus random advertisements. To get ad free you will need to purchase the Home Premium or Enterprise version. The license also allows free email tech support, frequent version updates, and allows commercial use for your business.

Download GreenPrint World For Windows & Mac

Help Us Help You

Advanced Restoration Corporation, A DKI Member Company, is a family-owned and operated full-service property damage restoration company with a combined 75 years experience in dealing with Fire Damage Restoration, Water Damage Restoration, Flood & Storm Damage, Mold Remediation, Smoke Damage Restoration and Reconstruction. We service Long Island (Nassau County, NY; Suffolk County, NY) and the New York Metro area.

When disasters strike, Advanced Restoration Corp. is ready to respond 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You are guaranteed to speak with one of our knowledgeable, caring team members, day or night.

Our immediate response to a claim/property loss helps minimize the damages to the structure, contents, and ease the sometime catastrophic effect that a disaster may have on an owner or occupants.

Our company is dedicated to serving our clients with courteous and prompt service. We take the utmost pride in the craftsmanship of our work. As certified specialists in water mitigation and fire/smoke restoration, we have the knowledge, expertise and experience to deal with all types of property damage. Our professional staff is also trained in all aspects of mold remediation and damage appraisals.

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Homeowners
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